防堵车保安全，Wi-Fi有望进入汽车

美国正展开一项交通安全试行计划，将为3,000台小轿车、卡车与巴士配备能让车辆避免碰撞事故与改善交通流量的无线连结功能。有关单位表示，这项连网车辆计划是改善美国的交通安全诸计划中，规模最大的一个。 主导这项连网车辆试行计划的美国交通部国道安全局(National Highway Traffic Safety Administration，NHTSA)表示，将进行车辆与高速公路基础设施实时“通话”的能力测试。该计划的第二阶段则将在密西根州的Ann Arbor等城市装设行动无线网络，并取得美国联邦的资金来开发车辆相关技术。 计划中的车辆将配备特别设计的车辆对车辆，以及车辆对基础设施通讯装置，以收集交通安全网络是如何运作的相关资料，同时衡量该网络降低事故发生率的效益。NHTSA预期，该车辆对车辆安全技术能将车辆事故减少五分之四。 那些配备无线通讯功能的车辆能送出信息，并接收来自配备了相同设备的其它车辆信息；并将危险十字路口、前方车辆追撞事故等交通路况信息，转译为警告信息。“我们需要了解该如 何在现实世界以有效的方法来布置该技术；”NHTSA官员David Strickland表示，该单位将以试行计划所收集到的资料，评估连网车辆技术是否应该大规模布署。 美国交通部早就与汽车 制造商展开合作，开发能让车辆与车辆、车辆与基础设施相互通讯的无线技术方案；主管机关的目标是让未来的车辆能与交通号志、施工区域、收费站等等各种道路 上的基础设施通话。该连网汽车计划是采用名为“专用短距离无线通讯(Dedicated Short Range Communications)”的类Wi-Fi技术；交通专家表示，这种技术相对速度较快、较安全，而且几乎不会被干扰。 计划的第二阶段将进行无线通讯系统直接整合到车辆的测试，包括在车辆内加装的后装市场安全性系统与通讯信标；这些装置每秒会发出10次基本安全性信息，所产生的资料流届时能应用在其它也配备相同装置的车辆，标记潜在的交通危险状况。NHTSA预计在2013年根据试行计划所收集到的资料来决定是否大规模布建该技术。 本文授权编译自EE Times，版权所有，谢绝转载 编译：Judith Cheng 参考英文原文：U.S. test drives Wi-Fi to improve traffic safety，by George Leopold

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{pagination} U.S. test drives Wi-Fi to improve traffic safety George Leopold WASHINGTON – A traffic safety initiative launched this week (Aug. 21) will equip 3,000 cars, trucks and buses with Wi-Fi connections designed to help vehicles avoid crashes and improve traffic flow, planners said. The U.S. Transportation Department’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) said its connected vehicle pilot project will test the ability of vehicles and highway infrastructure to “talk” to each other in real time. The second phase of the mobile Wi-Fi network will be installed in Ann Arbor, Mich., one of several Michigan cities to receive federal funding to develop auto-related technologies. Federal officials called the connected vehicle program the largest of its kind for improving U.S. traffic safety. Vehicles will be equipped with vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications devices designed under the pilot program to gather data on how the safety network operates while gauging its effectiveness in reducing accidents. NHTSA estimates that vehicle-to-vehicle safety technology could help avoid or reduce the severity of four out of five crashes. Wi-Fi-enabled vehicles will be able to send and receive messages from similarly equipped vehicles, translate traffic data into warnings about dangerous traffic scenarios like the threat of a collision at a blind intersection or a rear-end collision with a vehicle stopped ahead. “We need to understand how to apply the technology in an effective way in the real world,” NHTSA Administrator David Strickland said in announcing the pilot program. Data from the pilot program will be used by the agency to determine whether connected vehicle technology should be widely deployed in other fleets. The Transportation Department has been working with auto manufacturers to find out how wireless technology can be used to allow vehicles to communicate with each other and with the U.S. transportation infrastructure. Planners envision the technology allowing future vehicles to “talk” to traffic signals, work zones, toll booths and other roadway infrastructure. The connected vehicle technology is based on technology similar to Wi-Fi called Dedicated Short Range Communications. Transportation experts said the technology is relatively fast, secure and nearly invulnerable to interference. The second phase of the deployment program announced this week will test wireless systems integrated directly into vehicles along with aftermarket safety systems and communications beacons. The devices are designed to emit basic safety messages 10 times per second. The data stream can then be used by other equipped vehicles to spot potential traffic hazards. Program officials said the results of the connected vehicle pilot program will be used by NHTSA to determine whether to proceed with additional vehicle-to-vehicle communications efforts, including proposed rules on deployment. A decision on whether to expand the program is expected in 2013, transportation officials said.