外国人占太多工作岗位？把他们变成美国人就好了

美国科技产业界对工作机会流向海外的印度、中国等地，或本地职缺被外国人才占据的状况一直颇感忧心；针对这个问题，美国政府有关单位与两大政党都已经注意到并计划透过推动法案来维护美国本地人才的权益，但目前看来似乎没有显著进展。 据一份最近由 IEEE-USA 发布、引述美国劳工部统计的新闻稿指出，2013年1~3月申请 H-1B 签证(编按：海外人士赴美工作签证)数量最高的前十家公司，都是外包服务业者；IEEE-USA并表示，虽然劳工部统计显示，那些H-1B签证大多是以是操作计算机系统的IT技术员名义申请，并非工程研发人员，但其实最后还是落在来自海外的科学家与工程师手中。

2013年1~3月美国H-1B 签证申请数量前十大公司
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2013年1~3月申请美国H-1B 签证职业别比例
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本文授权编译自EE Times，版权所有，谢绝转载 本文下一页：让海外移民在本地创业，就可以为美国本土创造工作机会

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{pagination} 由于部分美国国会议员认为，应该大幅提高目前H1-B签证数量至6万5,000张以上，以做为美国移民改革政策的一部分，但IEEE-USA认为，这种做法恐怕只会让那些外包服务业者获益。但IEEE-USA却支持为取得美国国内大学院校STEM (科学、技术、工程与数学)高阶学位技术人才与其家属提供绿卡之立法。 IEEE-USA的理由是：“绿卡与H-1B签证不同，能让海外移民在本地创业，就可以为美国本土创造工作机会。”这是该组织很难得与科技业管理高层有共识的一点，后者也呼吁美国政府为海外STEM学位拥有者与企业家提供绿卡；产业高层指出，为何不让那些聪明的工程师人才选择来美国旧金山、而非在中国上海创办一家可能发光发热的新公司？ EETimes美国版编辑认为，这是对美国移民改革的吵嚷讨论过程中，难得达成的小小共识，并呼吁各界能在为美国本土创造就业机会、管控外来人力以保障本土人才权益，以及减少职缺流向海外等问题方面达成更多共识；而这或可作为同样为人才问题伤脑筋的其他国家借鉴。 本文授权编译自EE Times，版权所有，谢绝转载 编译：Judith Cheng 参考英文原文：Immigration debate needs more common ground，by Rick Merritt

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{pagination} Immigration debate needs more common ground Rick Merritt SAN JOSE, Calif. – As the debate over immigration gets moved to the front burner, Washington appears to be uniting, but the tech industry remains as polarized as ever. I am glad to see Republicans and Democrats coming together on immigration reform as they scramble for the growing Hispanic vote. There are plenty of wrongs to right. Unfortunately, there are no uniting forces in the tech community. Rank-and-file US engineers remain viscerally concerned about technical jobs getting sent overseas while management sees top talent nurtured and attracted to growing markets in China and India. In a recent press release, the IEEE-USA cited data (below) from the US Department of Labor showing that the top 10 companies applying for H-1B visas in the first three months of FY 2013 were offshore outsourcing companies. Click on image to enlarge. It’s worth noting that same data showed the vast majority of those H-1B jobs were not for engineering, but IT staff running computer systems (below). However, the IEEE-USA claims many of these work visas ultimately get issued to scientists and engineers. Click on image to enlarge. Some members of Congress are considering increasing the H-1B cap significantly beyond 65,000 as part of comprehensive immigration reform, the IEEE release said. But that would only benefit those outsourcing companies, it claimed. It’s worth noting the IEEE-USA supports legislation providing employment-based green cards for skilled immigrants earning advanced STEM degrees from US colleges and universities, and their dependents. “Green cards, unlike H-1B visas, allow immigrants to start their own companies, many of which will create jobs in the United States,” it said. That’s a small but important piece of common ground where the IEEE stands beside high tech managers who are calling for green cards both for foreign-born STEM grads but for entrepreneurs as well. Why let that brilliant engineer start a hot new company in Shanghai when she could start it in San Francisco, they ask. Even if the tech lobby can learn to speak with one voice, it is a tiny squeal amid the immigration roar. Huge lobbies are at play, some pressing for stronger enforcement along the Mexican border, others demanding a path to citizenship for undocumented workers. In the end the US immigration debate is more about how we regard Mexico than China and India. In my opinion, there is plenty of room for useful reforms in both directions. It’s also clear to me that we need as much unity as we can get in US politics these days if we are going to move the ball forward. So here’s to the hope we can all find a little more common ground on which to stand.